Prof. Dr. LUCA SALASNICH

orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-4753

Teaching Activity

• Course: Fisica Quantistica, B.Sc. in Material Sciences, University of Padova.
• Course: Theory of Strongly Correlated Systems, M.Sc. in Physics, University of Padova.
• Course: Quantum Physics with Atoms and Ions, Ph.D. in Physics, University of Padova.

Above there are the 6 books I have published until now.

Scientific Interests

• Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity with ultracold atoms
• Ginzburg-Landau theory and superconductivity
• Nonlinear phenomena, emergent collective dynamics from many-body quantum systems, solitons, and quantized vortices
• Quantum statistical physics and thermal field theory
• Quantum chaos, semiclassical quantization and WKB series
• Atomic nucleus and nuclear matter
• Josephson effect and path integrals

My main research activity is within the UNIPD research line of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics and, specifically, in the dynamical and inspiring group Quantum, which belongs to the macro-group of Quantum Theories and Numerical Simulations of Condensed Matter. I am also research fellow at INFN and INO-CNR. In the last years I am also promoting an informal Forum on Condensed Matter Field Theory.

Scientific Impact

I published more than 250 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and, among them, more than 50 are single-authored. According to Web of Science my publications received more than 5900 citations and my h-index is 41. According to Google Scholar my publications received more than 7900 citations and my h-index in 49.

I am elected ordinary member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (Salzburg, Austria) and also elected corresponding member of the Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati di Scienze, Lettere e Arti (Rovereto, Italy).

Scientific Research and Academic Management

From 2022 to 2024 I was the Scientific Chair of the panel "Physics" of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). For the University of Padova, from 2001 to 2019 I was the Programme Director of BSc in Optics and Optometry. From October 2024 I am the Programme Director of BSc and MSc in Materials Science.

Recent Talks

• Bose-Einstein condensates in curved geometries,
  invited talk at the Interdisciplinary Workshop "Nonlinear Quantum Dynamics", Universty of Parma, Parma, October 22, 2024.
• Interaction between gravitational waves and trapped Bose-Einstein condensates,
  invited talk at the Interdisciplinary Symposium "The Complexity of the Cosmos", GSSI, L'Aquila, October 2, 2024.
• Finite-size effects in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  invited talk at the mini-colloquium MC8 of the General Conference Condensed Matter Division 31 of the European Physical Society, Braga, September 2, 2024.
• Photon Correlations at thermal equilibrium,
  talk at the local meeting "Cosmology and Detection of Photons", Department of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", University of Padua, July 4, 2024.
• Atomic soliton transmission and induced collapse in the scattering from Gaussian barrier,
  invited talk at the International Workshop "Atomtronics 2024", Benasque Science Center, May 29, 2024.
• I materiali superconduttori: dalla ricerca di base alle applicazioni,
  invited webinar for high school students, Academy of Distinction (AOD), Classe di Scienza dei Materiali, May 9, 2024. VIDEO OF THE TALK.
• Research Activity on Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena, Condensed Matter Theory Group,
  short seminar for students of BSc and MSc in Physics at the University of Padova, February 22, 2024.
• La laurea in Scienza dei Materiali dell'Universita di Padova,
  freshman seminar for future students of the University of Padova, ISS Polo di Adria, Adria, February 15, 2024.
  
• Quantum Effects in Josephson Junctions - Part 1, Quantum Effects in Josephson Junctions - Part 2,
  poster at the "Quantum Computing and Simulation Workshop", Venice, October 12, 2023
• Statistical mechanics of shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates on board of the International Space Station, VIDEO OF THE TALK
  invited talk at the Interdisciplinary Symposium "The Complexity of Cosmos", Gran Sasso Science Institute, September 26, 2023.
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition with Rabi-coupled bosons, VIDEO OF THE TALK (from 30:00 to 1:05:30),
  talk at the 31th International Laaser Physics Worskshop, online format, July 3, 2023.
• Research Activity on Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena, Condensed Matter Theory Group, VIDEO OF THE TALK,
  short seminar for students of BSc and MSc in Physics at the University of Padova, February 24, 2023.
• Thermodynamics and sound modes of the unitary Fermi superfluid,
  invited talk at the Quantum Matter Research Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, November 11, 2022.
• Quantum Statistical Mechanics with Ultracold Atoms,
  invited lectures at the School of the Italian Society of Statistical Physics, IMT Lucca, September 7-8, 2022.
• First and second sound in two-dimensional bosonic and fermionic systems, VIDEO OF THE TALK,
  invited online talk at the International Workshop "Quantum Transport with ultracold atoms", Dresden, August 29, 2022.
• Unitary Fermi Superfluid: Thermodynamics and Sound Modes from Elementary Excitations,
  invited online talk at the Mini Colloquium "Collective Effects and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Quantum Gases and Superconductors", CMD29, Manchester, August 23, 2022.
• Bose-Einstein Condensation on the Surface of a Sphere,
  invited talk for the Online Workshop on Quantum Bubble Physics, Leibnitz University Hannover, April 7, 2022.
• Bright Solitons of Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates,
  keynote address at the Soliton Workshop of the Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, March 12, 2022.
• Bose-Einstein Condensation on Curved Surfaces,
  invited talk at the Physics Institute of Sao Carlos (IFSC) of the University of Sao Paulo (USP), October 19, 2021. Zoom talk from 19:00 to 20:00 (local time of Padova).
• Thesis Offer on Theoretical Physics of Utracold Atoms, VIDEO OF THE TALK,
  short seminar for students of the BSc and MSc in Physics at the University of Padova, September 28, 2021.
• Curriculum on Theoretical Physics of Matter,
  short seminar for future students of the MSc in Physics at the University of Padova, September 27, 2021.
• Dissipation and fluctuations in elongated Josephson junctions,
  29th International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS2021), July, 2021.
• Open Day Laurea in Ottica e Optometria, VIDEO OF THE WEBINAR
  webinar for future students of the University of Padova, Padova, Zoom Webinar (Italy), May, 2021.
  
• Presentazione della Laurea in Ottica e Optometria,
  freshman seminar for future students of the University of Padova, Padova, Zoom Webinar (Italy), February, 2021.
  
• Finite-size effects in a bosonic Josephson junction,
  Invited Lecture, Statistical Physics Journal Club, Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, February 4, 2021. Zoom talk from 14:30 to 15:30 (local time of Padova).
• Super-coerenza quantistica nella materia,
  popular seminar at NenetoNight 2020, November 27, 2020.
• Fenomeni quantistici macroscopici, VIDEO OF THE TALK
  popular seminar for the students of the Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Universita di Padova, Padova, April 20, 2020.
• Presentazione della Laurea in Ottica e Optometria,
  freshman seminar for future students of the University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, Legnaro (Italy), February 20, 2020.
  
• Bright and dark solitons in nonlinear wave equations,
  Invited Lecture, SEBS School of Nonlinear Dynamics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta (India), December 6, 2019. Skype talk from 9:15 to 10:45 (local time of Padova).
• Superconductivity, Superfluidity, and Bose-Einstein Condensation,
  Invited Public Lecture, SEBS School of Nonlinear Dynamics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta (India), December 5, 2019. Skype talk from 12:30 to 13:30 (local time of Padova).
• Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and applications,
  Invited Lecture, SEBS School of Nonlinear Dynamics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta (India), December 4, 2019. Skype talk from 9:15 to 10:45 (local time of Padova).
• Superfluidity in two-dimensional systems: BCS-BEC crossover and BEC on the surface of a sphere,
  Theoretical Physics Colloquium, Department of Physics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern (Germany), November 7, 2019.
• Bose-Einstein Condensation, Superfluidity and Superconductivity,
  PhD School of Physics, University of Padova (Italy), October 21, 2019.
• Screening of pair fluctuations in two-band superconductors,
  International Conference "Superstripes 2019", Ischia (Italy), June 26, 2019.
• Research activity of Luca Salasnich,
  Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", Naples (Italy), April 23, 2019.
• Dissipative and non-dissipative quantum dynamics of bosons in a Josephson junction,
  International Conference "New Trends in Complex Quantum Systems Dynamics", Istituto Veneto Scienze Lettere e Arti, Venice (Italy), April 12, 2019.
• Presentazione della Laurea in Ottica e Optometria,
  freshman seminar for future students of the University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, Legnaro (Italy), February 21 and 22, 2019.
  
• Two-Dimensional Ultracold Atomic Gases: Kosterlitz-Thouless and Collisionless Dynamics,
  International Conference on Quantum and Atom Optics (ICQAO18), IIT Patna (India), December 18, 2018.
• Collisionless Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Bosonic Gases, VIDEO OF THE TALK
  International Workshop "Advances in Quantum Simulation with Ultracold Atoms", International Institute of Physics, Natal (Brazil), November 7, 2018.
• Collective Modes Across the Soliton-Droplet Crossover in Binary Bose Mixtures,
  27th International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS2018), Nottingham (United Kingdom), July 18, 2018.
• Superconduttivita e Superfluidita,
  Master in Communication of Sciences, University of Padova, Padova (Italy), March 24, 2018.
  
• Superfluid density and critical temperature in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  Conference on "Frontiers in Two-Dimensional Quantum Systems", International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste (Italy), November 17, 2017.
• Quantized vortices in two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases , VIDEO OF THE TALK
  The 1st Conference on "Quantum gases, fundamental interactions and cosmology", Pisa (Italy), October 26, 2017.
• Bright solitons in ultracold atoms,
  Photonica 2017, VI International School and Conference on Photonics, Belgrade (Serbia), August 31, 2017.
• Beyond-mean-field analysis of the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  International Workshop "Electron Correlation in Superconductors and Nanostructures", Odessa (Ukraina), August 18, 2017.
• Schrodinger-cat states with ultracold atoms in optical lattices,
  Workshop "QuantumTechnologies@Unipd", Castelfranco Veneto (Italy), July 14, 2017.
• Fenomeni quantistici macroscopici,
  Master in Communication of Sciences, University of Padova, Padova (Italy), July 1, 2017.
  
• Vortices and antivortices in two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases, VIDEO OF THE TALK
  16th International Workshop on "Vortex Matter in Superconductors", International Institute of Physics, Natal (Brazil), May 31, 2017.
• Beyond-mean-field analysis of the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  Department of Physics, University of Trento (Italy), March 16, 2017.
• Presentazione della Laurea in Ottica e Optometria,
  freshman seminar for future students of the University of Padova, Agripolis Campus, Legnaro (Italy), February 8, 2017.
  
• Topological Matter and Phases: the Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,
  MP5 Seminars, Department of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", University of Padova, Padova (Italy), December 14, 2016.
• Beyond-mean-field and finite-range effects in ultracold atomic bosons,
  Focus Workshop "Long-range Interactions with Ultracold Atoms", Natal (Brazil), November 21-22, 2016. Talk given by Alberto Cappellaro.
• Vortices and antivortices in two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases,
  International Workshop "Topological Effects in Ultra-Cold Atoms", Natal (Brazil), November 14-18, 2016. Talk cancelled due to serious knee problems.
• Ricordo del Prof. Vincenzo Rosario Manfredi,
  Cerimonia dell'Alzabara nel Cortile Antico del Palazzo del Bo, Padova (Italy), October 5, 2016.
• Gas ultrafreddi di atomi fermonici e la bosonizzazione dei fermioni,
  102th National Conference of the Italian Physical Society, Round Table on "Enrico Fermi: ieri, oggi e domani", Padova (Italy), September 26, 2016.
• Vortices and antivortices in two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases,
  International Conference CMD26 - Condensed Matter in Groningen, Colloquia (Topical Session) on Theory and simulation of two-dimensional materials, Groningen (The Netherlands), September 6, 2016.
• Quantum fluctuations and vortex-antivortex unbinding in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  International Conference "Superstripes 2016", Rome International Center for Materials Science, Ischia (Italy), June 26, 2016.
• Solitons and vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates with finite-range interaction,
  NoLineal 2016 "International Conference on Nonlinear Mathematics and Physics" (SISSA), Trieste (Spain), June 9, 2016.
• Localized-interaction-induced quantum reflection and filtering of bosonic matter in a one-dimensional lattice guide , VIDEO OF THE TALK
  Video Abstract of the paper published in New J. Phys. 18 (2016) 055007 (with L. Barbiero and B.A. Malomed), Padova (Italy), April 29, 2016.
• Quantum fluctuations in two-dimensional Fermi superfluids ,
  International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste (Italy), February 17, 2016.
• Presentazione della Laurea in Ottica e Optometria, VIDEO OF THE TALK
  freshman seminar for future students of the School of Science, University of Padova, Padova (Italy), February 10, 2016.
  
• Broad and Narrow Fano-Feshbach Resonances: Condensate Fraction in the BCS-BEC Crossover ,
  Ugo Fano Symposium, Rome (Italy), December 17, 2015.
• Prospettive - Laurea in Ottica e Optometria ,
  Department of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", University of Padova, Padova (Italy), November 10, 2015.
• Regularization of quantum fluctuations in the BCS-BEC crossover ,
  FISMAT 2015, Italian National Conference on Condensed Matter Physics, Palermo (Italy), October 1, 2015.
• Composite bosons in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  International Conference "Superstripes 2015", Rome International Center for Materials Science, Ischia (Italy), June 16, 2015.
• Dimensional reduction and localization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a quasi-1D bichromatic optical lattice,
  7th Workshop on "Quantum Chaos and Localisation Phenomena", Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland), May 30, 2015.
• Shock waves in the unitary Fermi gas, VIDEO OF THE TALK
  International Workshop "Dispersive Hydrodynamics: The Mathematics of Dispersive Shock Waves and Applications", Banff Research Station (Canada), May 20, 2015.
  
• Equation of state of composite bosons in the BCS-BEC crossover,
  Department of Physics, University of Antwerp (Belgium), April 9, 2015.
• Composite bosons in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover from Gaussian fluctuations,
  flash talk at the Workshop on 'Probing and Understanding Exotic Superconductors', ICTP, Trieste (Italy), October 28, 2014.
• Condensate fraction for a polarized three-dimensional Fermi gas,
  International Conference MultiSuper 2014 'Multi-Condensate Superconductivity and Superfluidity in Solids and Ultracold Gases', Camerino (Italy), June 26, 2014.
• Superfluid fraction and sound velocity in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover,
  National Meeting of the PRIN "Collective Quantum Phenomena: from Strongly-Correlated Systems to Quantum Simulators", Department of Physics and Matematics, University of Insubria, Como (Italy), June 6, 2014.
• Research Activity of the Padova Group,
  National Meeting of the PRIN "Collective Quantum Phenomena: from Strongly-Correlated Systems to Quantum Simulators", Department of Physics and Matematics, University of Insubria, Como (Italy), June 6, 2014.
• Recenti Scoperte Scientifiche in Ottica,
  invited talk at the 2nd Paduan Meeting of Optics and Optometrics, Padova (Italy), May 26, 2014.

Recent Research Grants

• 240 kEuro: Project "Quantum Atomic Mixtures: Droplets, Topological Structures, and Vortices" (2023-2024). National Coordinator: L. Salasnich. Research Groups: UNIPD (L. Salasnich and F. Ancilotto), CNR-INO (A. Burchianti, C. Fort, and F. Minardi), and UNIPR (S. Wimberger). From MUR (progetti PRIN 2022).
• 60 kEuro: Project "Ultracold atoms in curved geometries" (2022-2023). Research group: L. Salasnich (principal investigator) and K. Furutani, from University of Padova (progetti BIRD).
• 20 kEuro: Project "Time-dependent density functional theory of quantum atomic mixtures" (2019-2020). Research group: F. Ancilotto (principal investigator), L. Salasnich, and L. Dell'Anna, from University of Padova (progetti BIRD).
• 48 kEuro: Project "Static and dynamical properties of quantum gases in reduced dimensions" (2018-2019), to hire a junior postdoc. Research group: L. Salasnich (principal investigator), from Department of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei" (progetti per assegni dipartimentali).
• 3 kEuro: Individual grant "Fondo per il finanziamento delle attivita base di ricerca" (FFABR, 2017), from Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR).
• 70 kEuro: Project "Superfluid properties of Fermi gases in optical potentials" (2016-2017). Research group: L. Dell'Anna (principal investigator), L. Salasnich, F. Ancilotto, and P. Silvestrelli, from University of Padova (progetti BIRD).
• 45 kEuro: Project "TF Model: teacher, peer and service tutoring for university students empowerment" (2015-2016). Research group: C. Biasin (principal investigator), L. Salasnich, A. Carnera, O. Pantano, and others, from University of Padova (progetti BIRD).
• 47 kEuro: Project "Spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional ultracold fermionic gases" (2015-2016), to hire a junior postdoc. Research group: L. Salasnich (principal investigator) and G. Mazzarella, from University of Padova (progetti assegni junior).
• 87 kEuro: PRIN Project 2010LLKJBX "Collective Quantum Phenomena: from Strongly-Correlated Systems to Quantum Simulators" (2013-2015), National coordinator: G. Casati [total grant: 968.1 kEuro]. Padova research group of the PRIN Project: F. Toigo (local coordinator, until 30-09-2015), L. Salasnich (local coordinator, from 01-10-2015 to 31-01-2016), P.A. Marchetti, L. Dell'Anna, and G. Mazzarella. Financed by Ministero Istruzione Universita e Ricerca.
• 75 kEuro: Project "Macroscopic Quantum Properties of Ultracold Atoms under Optical Confinement" (2012-2014). Research group of the project: L. Salasnich (principal investigator), F. Toigo and L. Dell'Anna from Fondazione CARIPARO.
• 61.2 kEuro: Project "Quantum Information with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices" (2012-2014). Research group: L. Salasnich (principal investigator), P.A. Marchetti, L. Dell'Anna, G. Mazzarella, from University of Padova.

Recently organized workshops and events

• Minicolloquium "Quantum gases as analogues of condensed matter systems" at the CMD30-FisMat2023 Joint Conference, September 4-8, 2023, Milano (Italy).
• International Conference Superstripes 2023: Quantum Complex Matter and Quantum Technology, Ischia, June 26 - July 1, 2023.
• SuperFluctuations 2022 - International Conference, July 6-8, 2022, Padova (Italy).
• SuperFluctuations 2021 - International Online Conference, June 14-16, 2020, Camerino-Padova (Italy).
• SuperFluctuations 2020 - International Online Conference, June 22-23, 2020, Camerino-Padova (Italy).
• Spring Online Workshop "Ultracold Quantum Matter", June 4, 2020, University of Padova (Italy).
• SuperFluctuations 2019 - International Conference, September 2-4, 2019, Padova (Italy).
• SuperFluctuations 2018 - International Conference on "Fluctuations and Highly Non Linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors",
  September 5-7, 2018, San Benedetto del Tronto (Italy).
• SuperFluctuations 2017 - International Conference on "Fluctuations and Highly Non Linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors",
  September 6-8, 2017, San Benedetto del Tronto (Italy).
• Focus Workshop on Long Range Interactions with Ultracold Atoms,
  September 21-22, 2016, International Institute of Physics, Natal (Brazil).
• Winter Workshop on Ultracold Quantum Matter,
  January 11, 2016, Department of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", University of Padova.
• Novel Developments in Classical and Quantum Systems,
  June 4-5 2015, at the Botanical Garden, University of Padova.

Media: Press and Online Coverage

• Coverage of the DFA UNIPD about our work Superfluidity meets the solid state: Frictionless mass transport through a (5,5) carbon nanotube published in Physical Review Letters (2023).
• Coverage of the Italian journal "Le Scienze" about our work Low-dimensional quantum gases in curved geometries published in Nature Reviews Physics (2023).
• Coverage of the Italian local newspaper "Padova Oggi" about our work Quantum Bubbles in Microgravity published in Physical Review Letters (2020).
• Coverage of the Italian national Press Agency "ANSA" about our work Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Paired Phase in Coupled XY Models published in Physical Review Letters (2019).
• Coverage of the Italian newspaper "La Repubblica" about our work Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Paired Phase in Coupled XY Models published in Physical Review Letters (2019).
• Coverage of the Italian newspaper "La Repubblica" (online version) about our work Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Paired Phase in Coupled XY Models published in Physical Review Letters (2019).
• Coverage of the Italian newspaper "Il Mattino di Padova" about our work Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Paired Phase in Coupled XY Models published in Physical Review Letters (2019).
• Coverage of the newspaper "Times of India" about my partecipation to the International Conference on Quantum and Atom Optics, Indian Instutute of Technology, Patna (2018).
• Coverage of the scientific newspaper "Le Scienze" (online version) about our work Superfluid Filaments of Dipolar Bosons in Free Space published in Physical Review Letters (2017).
• Coverage of the online newspaper "Padova Oggi" about our work Superfluid Filaments of Dipolar Bosons in Free Space published in Physical Review Letters (2017).
• Press release of Padova University about our work Superfluid Filaments of Dipolar Bosons in Free Space published in Physical Review Letters (2017).
• VIDEO of the University of Camerino about our conference SuperFluctuations 2017 - International Conference on "Fluctuations and Highly Non Linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors",
  September 6-8, 2017, San Benedetto del Tronto (Italy).
• Press release of the University of Camerino about our conference SuperFluctuations 2017 - International Conference on "Fluctuations and Highly Non Linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors",
  September 6-8, 2017, San Benedetto del Tronto (Italy).
• Coverage of the "Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA)" - Science and Technology Channel, about my work Nonuniversal equation of state of the two-dimensional Bose gas published in Physical Review Letters (2017).
• Coverage of the scientific newspaper "Le Scienze" (online version) about my work Nonuniversal equation of state of the two-dimensional Bose gas published in Physical Review Letters (2017).
• Coverage of the newspaper "Il Gazzettino" about my work Nonuniversal equation of state of the two-dimensional Bose gas published in Physical Review Letters (2017).
• Informative article "Fisica, dal Nobel alle applicazioni tecnologiche presenti e future" about the Nobel Prize in Physics 2016, published in the University newspaper "Il Bo" (2016).
• Coverage of the newspaper "Il Gazzettino" about our work Zero-point energy in ultracold atoms published in Physics Reports (2016).
• Coverage of the local newspaper "Il Mattino di Padova" about our work Zero-point energy in ultracold atoms published in Physics Reports (2016).
• Coverage of the online newspaper "Padova Oggi" about our work Zero-point energy in ultracold atoms published in Physics Reports (2016).
• Press release of the University of Padova about our work Zero-point energy in ultracold atoms published in Physics Reports (2016).

Download Publications

• My papers on physics at the ArXiv library
• My papers on nonlinear sciences at the ArXiv library
• My papers on SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System

• Google
• Webmail INFN Padova
• Webmail Unipd
• ArXiv Preprint Library